[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.icetech.cz\/co-jsou-penize\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.icetech.cz\/co-jsou-penize\/","headline":"Co jsou pen\u00edze?","name":"Co jsou pen\u00edze?","description":"Pen\u00edze jsou v\u0161eobecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fd prost\u0159edek sm\u011bny zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb. Jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed je rychlej\u0161\u00ed a snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fd obchod (natur\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011bna). Ten je neefektivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee p\u0159i n\u011bm v\u017edy mus\u00edte naj\u00edt n\u011bkoho,…","datePublished":"2025-03-05","dateModified":"2023-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.icetech.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.icetech.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/34ced1804fd555c2760b3a913ad8d5a4b855e207e462786ab4875bf17a1c516e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/34ced1804fd555c2760b3a913ad8d5a4b855e207e462786ab4875bf17a1c516e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"icetech.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.icetech.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a298717_w2072_t1508963961.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.icetech.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a298717_w2072_t1508963961.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.icetech.cz\/co-jsou-penize\/","wordCount":389,"articleBody":"Pen\u00edze jsou v\u0161eobecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fd prost\u0159edek sm\u011bny zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eeb. Jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed je rychlej\u0161\u00ed a snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdm\u011bnn\u00fd obchod (natur\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011bna). Ten je neefektivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee p\u0159i n\u011bm v\u017edy mus\u00edte naj\u00edt n\u011bkoho, kdo prod\u00e1v\u00e1 to, co chcete koupit a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00e1 z\u00e1jem o to, co nab\u00edz\u00edte na prodej vy. Sm\u011bnn\u00fd obchod sou\u010dasn\u011b tak\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pro srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed hodnot r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f zbo\u017e\u00ed.  Kovov\u00e9 mince : pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se jako prost\u0159edek sm\u011bny ji\u017e od 8. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., proto\u017ee maj\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhodn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed: \u00fc kov lze tvarovat i do minc\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch hodnot, mince jsou snadno p\u0159enosn\u00e9 a hod\u00ed se i k mal\u00fdm transakc\u00edm \u00fc drah\u00e9 kovy, z nich se p\u016fvodn\u011b razily, jim prop\u016fj\u010dovaly vysokou hodnotu v pom\u011bru k rozm\u011bru a hmotnosti \u00fc mince jsou trvanliv\u00e9 a daj\u00ed se recyklovat \u2013 mohou se roztavit a znovu vyrazit \u00fc mince v podob\u011b ra\u017een\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch kotou\u010dk\u016f se t\u011b\u017eko pad\u011blaj\u00ed Bankovky: pro velk\u00e9 transakce se jako pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osv\u011bd\u010dila platba pap\u00edrov\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi. Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 pouk\u00e1zky p\u0159edstavovaly z\u00e1vazek v\u00fdstavce vyplatit dr\u017eiteli ur\u010ditou hodnotu ve zlat\u011b nebo st\u0159\u00edb\u0159e a zna\u010dn\u011b se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily b\u011bhem 18. stolet\u00ed. \u2013 bankovky kryt\u00e9 zlatem (drah\u00fdmi kovy).  Vztah mezi m\u011bnou a drah\u00fdm kovem (tzv. zlat\u00fd standard \u2013 sm\u011bnitelnost v r\u00e1mci standardu zlat\u00e9 devizy) se za\u010dal vytr\u00e1cet po 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Za v\u00e1lky byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena omezen\u00ed v\u00fdvozu zlata a tak\u00e9 jeho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje ub\u00fdvaly. Mnoho klient\u016f bank nepo\u017eadovalo p\u0159\u00edstup ke zlatu a banky tak u\u017e nutn\u011b nemusely udr\u017eovat jeho ohromn\u00e9 rezervy ke kryt\u00ed m\u011bny. Propl\u00e1cen\u00ed ve zlat\u011b u\u017e neplat\u00ed \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161ina modern\u00edch m\u011bn nen\u00ed kryta drah\u00fdmi kovy \u2013 \u201eflat money\u201c, pen\u00edze drah\u00fdmi kovy nekryt\u00e9, ale lze za n\u011b drah\u00e9 kovy nakoupit za tr\u017en\u00ed ceny. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 bankovky odvozuj\u00ed svou hodnotu z \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkazu, kter\u00fdm jsou vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny za z\u00e1konn\u00e1 platidla, jejich hodnotu garantuje st\u00e1t a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 se jim nekryt\u00e9 bankovky.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4.1\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Co jsou pen\u00edze?","item":"https:\/\/www.icetech.cz\/co-jsou-penize\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]